![]() It is based on an illustrative design provided with the solar modelling software program Energ圓D (Xie et al., Citation2018), which is a computer-aided design (CAD) program for three-dimensional designing of green buildings as well as solar power stations. The prototype has a foundation (land) area of 1 hectare (10,000 m 2), with the shape of a square having 100-m length. ![]() This work provides technical estimation of the electric AC (alternating current) yield as power from a small power plant, which serves as a prototype that can be scaled up or down as per the specific need of the user. This helps buyers make an informed decision about the scale at which they should consider when utilizing PV energy as compared to the main electric grid, either to reduce grid dependence (which means savings in electricity bills) or to eliminate it completely (thus, offering an attractive advantage for projects in very remote areas not served by the grid). Investment in solar PV energy can benefit from the existence of predictive studies showing the possible gains and required infrastructure. The PV capacity is expected to increase 20 times between 20. Solar energy is expected to be the largest source, contributing 20% of the total energy supply in 2050, globally. It is aimed to have two-thirds of total energy supply in 2050 coming from solar energy, wind energy, biofuels, geothermal resources, and hydropower. In that pathway, the energy sector should rely heavily on renewable energy as compared to fossil fuels. The IEA’s (Net Zero by 2050) roadmap for the global energy sector is the first global detailed study of how to transform to a net-zero energy system by 2050 (IEA (International Energy Agency), Citation2021a). The rankings included 209 countries or regions. This indicator is the specific photovoltaic power output of a PV system with PV panels mounted at an optimum tilt, expressed in kWh/kWp/day (average daily kilowatt-hour of produced electricity from a standard system having a rated theoretical peak capacity of 1 kWp, when operated for a whole year). In a recent report by World Bank’s ESMAP (Energy Sector Management Assistance Program, Citation2020), the Sultanate of Oman came in the 6 th position among top countries in terms of practical photovoltaic (PV) power potential, with a score of 5.168. The accuracy of estimating electric annual yield was tested by benchmarking with the Global Solar Atlas (GSA) online tool by the World Bank, for the case of fixed optimum tilt. Some results are provided on a per-square-meter basis, for easy estimation of land needs. The PV power plant can provide an annual yield of 1.794 GWh under a dual-tilt setting, and 1.92 GWh with single-axis-horizontal solar tracking. Adopting a dual-tilt system (tilt of 8.6 degrees during April–September and 38.6 degrees during October–March) reduces this gap to 2.5%. The analysis shows that a fixed year-round optimum tilt angle offers 6.6% less annual yield than the single-axis-horizontal tracking system (continuously varying tilt). The work focuses on the sensitivity of the output electricity to the tilt of the PV panels. It covers a land area of 10,000 square meters (1 hectare). The pilot PV power plant has 3,535 PV panels of peak capacity 300 Wp, leading to a total theoretical peak capacity of 1,060.5 kWp. Using the desktop tool (Energ圓D) for modelling sustainable buildings and solar power generation, this work predicts the performance of a scalable photovoltaic (PV) power plant composed of south-facing parallel racks in Muscat (the capital of the Sultanate of Oman, latitude 23.6 degrees North).
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